Could Russia Have Defeated Japan in the Russo-Japanese War?

This exposition will look at Russia's favorable circumstances and impediments pre-war, war and post-war that could have changed the course of history and empowered Russia to overcome Japan in the Russo-Japanese War. Russia, notwithstanding significant points of interest in assets, military work force, maritime powers, and vital profundity, lost the Russo-Japanese War to Japan, a rising force whose military quality and force were horribly thought little of. Why? What could Russia have done any other way to crush Japan in the war? Summing up and breaking down the focal points and burdens of Russia’s poor authority, absence of key arranging against Japan, and calculated contrasts will help explain what it fouled up and what it could have never really Japan in 1904. Discretionary and monetary factors previously and during the war In 1854, Japan had revived her ways to the United States, the United Kingdom, and Russian following 200 years of disengagement from every single Western force, aside from the Netherlands (Koda 12). Of these forces, Britain and Russia had the most grounded sway on the national security strategy of the Japanese government. By the 1890s, given the developing rivalry among European Powers in Asia, Japan had started to actualize strategies to build the nation’s military and financial modernization. They perceived that inability to do so would prompt the â€Å"nation’s predominance or dismemberment† by outsiders (Francis 1). Somewhere in the range of 1888 and 1904, the Russian Empire’s economy was blasting. As the money related heath of the legislature improved, it tends not out of the ordinary that the Minister of War would be permitted to partake in this abundance. The Ministry had the option to subsidize two discrete rearmament programs: the procurement of magazine rifles and the presentation of the primary brisk shooting field mounted guns piece (Fuller 363). The two projects helped improve and put Russia at a preferred position in military preparation and development contrasted with different powers inside the locale. In 1894, Russia had another Tsar in Nicholas II, who was â€Å"young, marvelous and ambitious†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and noted by biographers as â€Å"a frail man and effectively led† (Fuller 370). Another significant figure to Russia’s government was Count S. Iu. Witte. Witte, the Minister of Finance, 1892-1903, quickly got one of Nicholas’s most persuasive pastors in the early piece of his system as Tsar (Fuller 370). Witte was the main player of the Trans-Siberian and Chinese Eastern railways, which permitted Russia to turn into a restraining infrastructure over assets and markets of Manchuria (Fuller 370). In March 1900, War Minister Kuropatkin conveyed a discourse in which he summed up the manners by which Russia had utilized its military force in the previous 200 years and a progression of forecasts on up and coming difficulties the country would need to confront. He contended that Russia â€Å"neither required nor wanted war with any of the other Great Powers; it basically had nothing to pick up by it† (Fuller 377). However, Russia was not a fulfilled Power and in a report to the Tsar, Kuropatkin needed to embrace the proceeded with monetary abuse of Manchuria and the extension of Russia impact in the East (Fuller 378). Also, Russia had finished up a coalition with China against Japan and, in the process gave the money China required in return for rail route and mechanical syndications and won rights to broaden the Trans-Siberian Railroad across Chinese-held Manchuria to the Russian seaport of Vladivostok, along these lines dealing with a significant portion of A manchurian area (Warner 113). Sadly, the incomplete condition of the Trans-Siberian railroad in 1904, calculated issues, and overwhelming expenses implied uniquely around 100,000 Russian soldiers and supporting units had been sent to the Far East. Notwithstanding, this nonstop accident agreement over the â€Å"spheres of influence† in Manchuria, Port Arthur, lastly in 1903 when Russia built up a monetary enthusiasm for Korea further exasperated Japan (Koda 16). Beginning of the War The Russo-Japanese War occurred from February 1904 to September 1905; it was a war that began out of adversary supreme desire of the Japanese and Russian Empires over Manchuria, Port Arthur, and Korea. The Russians had been seeking after a course of consistent animosity and in spite of what Japan considered her â€Å"vital advantages and national honor† (Mahan 172). The Russians had incalculable opportunities to increase a bit of leeway and a superior strategic situation over Japan. After exchanges to and fro concerning â€Å"spheres of interest† between the two countries were not met and in Japanese eyes were disregarded because of the egotism of the Tsar; Japan cut off strategic relations on 6 February 1904 (Answer. com). Late around evening time on the eighth of February, a power of Japanese torpedo pontoons went into Port Arthur. Through the thick mist, they propelled an unexpected assault that astounded the Russian maritime unit, yet additionally amazed the world. Just one boat, the Novik, was not found totally dozing off and had the option to give pursue (Warner 17). Three of Russia’s greatest boats endured serious shots: the cruiser Pallada, Retvizan and Tsarevitch (Warner 17). Russia was stunned and unquestionably not readied! In spite of the fact that gunfire mixed some at night, many remained unaware of the assault until the following morning. Some had heard and accepted that the armada had been completing activities and scarcely any individuals â€Å"expected that the main assault by Japanese-or any assault whatsoever would happen in Port Arthur† (Warner 17). Creating a War Plan The Commander of Russia’s Far Eastern Armies, General Kuropatkin was entrusted with creating Russia’s war plan; his thought was to deny Japan an early triumph by substituting persistent holding activities and vital withdrawals so as to pick up the time expected to bring a huge number of extra soldiers from European Russia (Fuller 379). â€Å"Inso far as possible,† he composed, â€Å"our powers must keep away from unequivocal commitment so as to avoid being vanquished in detail preceding grouping of powers adequate for the annihilation of the Japanese† (Fuller 400). He anticipated that the Japanese should attack Manchuria, they did; he foreseen that the Japanese would assault Port Arthur, they did; in this way, his arrangement was totally exact and verifiably foreshadowed the occasions that were going to unfurl in this Russian bad dream. Yet, regardless of how astute or officially capable Kuropatkin may have been, he dedicated the gravest of blunders by thinking little of his adversary. The Japanese armed force was profoundly energetic and prepared and prepared to actualize their war plan. While trying to stay away from war, Japan gave Russia a bargain that would be moderately reasonable for the two sides. Russia, to the shock of nobody, declined the terms and Japan was left with no decision other than to announce war. In July 1903 at pre-war dealings, the Japanese Minister in St. Petersburg as educated to introduce Russian Minister, Roman Rosen, with his country’s perspectives and wants. After the proposition, Russia give a counter-proposition and Japan gave another proposition by which â€Å"Manchuria would be outside the Japanese range of prominence and, correspondingly, Korea outside Russia’s† (Answers. com). After one month on 4 February when no conventional answer had been gotten, Japan disavowed and approached accomplishing everything that they requested at the pre-dealings. As per Karl von Clausewitz, a famous scholar of war, two gatherings need to need harmony for a war to be ended and the two sides must have the option to defeat inside and outer restrictions to end the war. On account of Russian leaders’ ineptitude, self-importance, and failure to react quickly and bargain exchanges, Japan’s pre-war solicitations and Kuropatkin’s expectations of Japan’s war procedure were creating in what might be referred to in history as the Russo-Japanese War. Components of the Land Campaign At the episode of the war, Russia had the world's biggest standing armed force, yet a large portion of it was in Europe. The Japanese realized that Russia couldn't completely gather its’ armed force in the Far East on the grounds that â€Å"it needed to keep a few powers in western Russia as a counter to Turkish, German, and Austrian forces† (Koda 22). Russia was not prepared for the war with Japan, and the Japanese knew it. All Japan needed to do was gather its’ powers in Manchuria and match the quality of Russian powers there. For the Japanese to set up predominance, they needed to conquer their impediment: deficiency of key saves, an inadequate reserve of ammo, and poor field substantial ordnance (Koda 23). So as to beat these impairments, Japan had an all around considered operational arrangement and viable strategies on the combat zone, which yielded impeccably to the fighting of Manchurian plain. As I would like to think, all Russia needed to do was defer Japanese powers while they developed their quality in the west and bring powers south from the Chinese Eastern railroad. Without the Trans-Siberian Railway to help with strengthening Russian powers, Russia would be left without â€Å"a genuine arrangement of campaign† (Warner 319). In this way, the more extended the war went on, the more probable an inevitable Russian triumph would have been in a skirmish of modern weakening because of the proceeding with stream of fortifications along the railroad. Synchronizing ground and maritime endeavors Japan needed to convey a serious blow before Russia had the opportunity to get ready and execute whatever war plan that they may have set up. In the expressions of Admiral â€Å"Bull† Halsey, Japan expected to â€Å"Hit hard, hit quick and hit frequently. † In March the Japanese handled a military in Korea that rapidly overran that nation. In May another Japanese armed force arrived on the Liaotung Peninsula, and on May 26 it remove the Port Arthur army from the principle collection of Russian powers in Manchuria. Russia expected to quit playing on the guard and begin being on

Attitude change Essay Example for Free

Demeanor change Essay Innovation likewise achieved an adjustment in disposition to numerous representatives on account of its own methodology where in spite of the way that it permits groups to cooperate it is additionally a perfect accomplice for singular assignments to complete. Craiger JP (2006) claims that innovation came about to an age of representatives who are self starters and issue solvers. By utilizing innovation representatives figured out how to function freely, regardless of whether they are likewise managing their work groups and inviting group activities as an afterthought. For example, a worker who doesn't have a PC or doesn't have a clue how to utilize one should rely upon an encoder or a secretary for records to be encoded, taking two individuals to complete one report. At the point when blunders happen, it will be a responsibility of two individuals. Regularly, when the room for give and take was crossed is difficult to decide. Then again, a representative who has a PC and realizes how to work it can type records himself and be responsible for the entire assignment. It will likewise take only one individual for the errand to be finished. PC clients and the mechanically disposed representatives are by all account not the only ones who had a mentality change. The individuals who don't approach mechanical developments in their particular offices were likewise urged to figure out how to work the new contraptions to have the option to add to the development of the organization and, obviously, to abstain from being deserted. Because of a paranoid fear of being saved or laid off by the organization to support pleasing individuals who can work with the developments that the association is adjusting, representatives are more open than any other time in recent memory to learn new aptitudes uniquely those that are mechanical. A similar disposition change influences work candidates, who are in any case not yet individuals yet aiming to become individuals from an association. Occupation candidates are presently investing more energy in getting at any rate the least difficult innovative abilities and expertise to get an edge in their activity chasing process, particularly with the way that the more youthful alumni are increasingly serious in this subject matter. Issues Most of the progressions achieved by innovation to organizations were sure. The cases can't be a long way from reality. Innovation was made to get comfort and productivity, which is the thing that it conveyed directly from the very beginning. Be that as it may, there are likewise thoughts regarding how innovation has generally influenced the manner by which representatives and associations work, yet on a negative light. Correspondence? In spite of above cases that innovation helped the way of life of groups to prosper, and that correspondence got simpler through new advancements that organizations were contributing on, PCs and other mechanical hardware is likewise accused for the downsize in hierarchical correspondence. Craiger JP (2006) focused on that PCs didn't permit workers to convey until systems were made. There was an extraordinary separation between workers who are working the new offices, and the individuals who are most certainly not. There is likewise a sub-separate between workers working the new gear. The extraordinary partition between workers happens from the very beginning, when not all representatives approach innovation. Individuals who have the skill are lives in with the PCs, and the individuals who are still on manual work remain in customary desk areas where different representatives are available, taking into consideration relational correspondence. After much turn of events, dominant part of representatives in numerous associations accessed PCs. The difficult which turned out later on concerned the moving, sharing, and converging of records and data inside the association. Conceived is the system, and things worked out positively. Workers can move data from and to an associate, and even offer merriments with one another as an afterthought. This is the place the correspondence issue started. The issue with innovation is that it permits individuals to be helpful. Actually, workers felt an excessive amount of accommodation that the most straightforward things are regularly put on the hands of innovation. For example, rather than dropping by to the close by work space of a co-worker, one simply needs to tap on certain symbols and send her message through the PC. The mechanically determined work environment additionally gradually changed into a generic working environment where all of thing was flowed through innovation. This presented miscommunication problemsâ€messages and records which were not gotten, lost documents, confusion of messages, blunders in steering messages, etc. The rundown is unfathomable, however the arrangement isn't a long way from reach also. To help this issue, organizations must situate new representatives and train existing workers on the craft of powerful correspondence, just as the best possible utilization of organization innovation. With legitimate data and instruction, it is feasible for organizations to be innovatively disposed yet at the same time powerful in their correspondence. Re-trainings and new recruiting A need for some organizations who are simply beginning their mechanical position is the re-preparing of representatives. Organizations can't anticipate that the entirety of their workers should be acquainted with the languages and procedures of innovation once it is started in the organization. There is additionally the requirement for individuals to keep up the gear and to investigate them on the off chance that something incorrectly occurs. Accordingly, regardless of whether larger part of the current representatives realize how to work mechanical gear, the organization despite everything needs to employ extra individuals or get a re-appropriated administration for these. This, notwithstanding, doesn't forfeit the cost-viability of business innovation. Regardless of whether an organization spends for extra individuals or administration, the costs that it will bring about will in any case be balanced by the variety of job that business innovation can attempt. A decent method to limit the expenses around there is to prepare representatives, including those proficient, on the best possible use and support of the gear and by creating rules for revealing any issue or harm so appropriate and auspicious mediation can be made. Working from home misfortunes A state of discussion in the mechanical work environment is the working from home alternative for representatives. This has for quite some time been a pattern, which end up being advantageous for both remote workers and their organizations. With off-site employments, remote workers need not venture out to their work environment and be left with an office schedule. They can likewise perform individual errands while working, and maintain a strategic distance from the weight of being limited in an office desk area. For organizations, it spares them the workplace space the representative needs, and the expenses of power and other temporary costs of keeping a worker hands on location. Nonetheless, HR administrators have one issue with keeping and working with remote workers and off-site representatives in the association: execution examination and observing. At the point when a worker works off the place of work, he holds his time and spot. He might be calling a customer for an introduction while sitting tight for the children for a drive to the school, and meet the customer for a lunch meeting not long before setting off to the basic food item for certain things required for supper. While this requires staggering control for assignments to complete, there is no assurance that all remote workers have the necessary character it takes. This achieves the significance of observing and execution evaluation, which is a similarly difficult assignment for human asset people to do with remote workers. In any case, for some organizations, the arrangement is simple. Checking and execution examination can be to a great extent reliant on a certain something: final result. Remote workers ought to be given cutoff times and work desires, and they ought to thusly give back outcomes. This can demonstrate when an off-site representative has the control it removes to work from work, of he needs to work with the manager around. Security gives The simplicity of sorting out work groups is without a doubt one of the better advantages of current innovation to associations, however it isn't likewise perfect by any means. With the helpful moving of data all through the system of mechanically determined organizations, it is simple for data to spill and for protection seals to be broken. For a littler scope, it tends to be as basic as one representative taking the proposition of another worker; or one colleague taking full credits to the collective work of a work group. For a bigger scope it very well may be the robbery of huge organization data, or the break of individual data of workers. This is a likelihood to which all organizations are vulnerable. The presentation of an association to current innovation, particularly that which ties the organization to systems administration, additionally puts a significant number of its data and trades out in the open. Organizations, be that as it may, need not fret. As security has been a most extreme worry for some engineers of innovation, numerous arrangements are currently accessible for organizations to ensure themselves and their frameworks. A wide scope of items are accessible to suit numerous companies’ nonexclusive requirements, and numerous engineers have thought of safety efforts that can be modified by the necessities and inclinations of an association. It ought to be noted, however, that security programming and innovation doesn't delete the chance of protection issues from occurring. While it can make sure about quite a bit of a company’s data, legitimate consideration and comprehension of security provisions and measures by workers are similarly significant. Excessively quick and excessively enraged Another issue concerning organizations is the quick turnover of innovative patterns. New PCs and devices are presented regular, and what is stylish today can be out of date very quickly. While there are organizations who are consistent with their membership of innovation, and endeavor to put resources into more up to date, better models to improve their standing and administration, not all organizations can keep up. It tends to be discouraging for an association to put a large number of dollars in developments, just to end up searching for an update a very long time after. Technology’s game is straightforward: the more current, the better. In any case

URGENT FINISH ORDER - CGEA Curriculum Report Example

URGENT FINISH ORDER - CGEA Curriculum Report Example URGENT: FINISH ORDER - CGEA Curriculum Report â€" Essay Example > Selected Curriculum The targeted group of students who will be taught under this curriculum will be adult learners, and as such I have elected to utilize the CGEA curriculum due to its broad scope and wide acceptability. The CGEA has had various incarnations. It was first formed in 1993, based on an earlier adult literacy curriculum frame work by the Adult Community and Further Education Board (ACFEB), and its purpose was to accredit non-school training pathways up to tertiary entrance standards. It has also sustained itself through a number of revisions, the most recent being in 2006. In spite of its relative infancy, it has been adopted in Victoria and in most states as a basis for program funding and planning. The providers of the CGEA curriculum are TAFE College and CAE. Funding is made jointly by both state and Commonwealth governments. The CGEA lends itself admirably to those concepts which enhance strategy training and its applicability to adult learning. Strategic learning is described by Richards, Platt Platt (1992 p. 355)) as “… [it is] training in the use of learning strategies in order to improve a learners’ effectiveness” (Richards et al 1992) In so doing, Richards et al describe a number of strategy trainings which can be used. “(1) Explicit or direct training: Learners are given information about the value and purpose of particular strategies, taught how to use them and how to monitor their own use of the strategies” (Richards et al). “(2) Embedded strategy training; the strategies to be taught are not taught explicitly but are embedded in the regular content of an academic subject area such as reading, math, or science” (ibid) “(3) Combination strategy training: explicit strategy training is followed by embedded training” (Ibid) Additionally, the thrust of CGEA is the concept that skills development occurs best when it is within a social context and geared for social purposes Learner training can aptly be characterized as teaching learners how to become independent and autonomous learners. As stated by Zimmerman 1986, “self regulation refers to the degree to which individuals become metacognitively, motivationally, and behaviourally active participants in their own learning process” (Zimmerman, p.307). According to Livingston 1997, students possess the capacity to control their learning. “…Although most individuals of normal intelligence engage in metacognitive regulation when confronted with an effortful cognitive task, some are better than others are. Those with greater metacognitive abilities tend to be more successful in their cognitive endeavors. The good news is that individuals can learn how to regulate their cognitive activities” (Livingston 1997). Brown 2000, recognizes the work on the effectiveness of learning strategies for various learners in a variety of contexts, he states…”we probe its implications for your teaching methodology in the classroom, specifically, how your language classroom techniques can encourage, build, and sustain effective language learning strategies in your students” (Brown 2000, p. 130). The CGEA is a set of certified courses designed to develop and heighten the literacy, numeracy and general education proficiencies of adults ages 15 and above. The premise is well established that adults have differing learning requirements and personal goals, and that flexibility is necessary in terms of the

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Nitrogen in Tires

There are multiple reasons why nitrogen is preferable to air in automobile tires: Better pressure retention leading to increased fuel economy and improved tire lifespanCooler running temperatures accompanied by less pressure fluctuation with temperature changeLess tendency toward wheel rot Its helpful to review the composition of air. Air is mostly nitrogen (78%), with 21% oxygen, and smaller amounts of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases. The oxygen and water vapor are the molecules that matter. Although you might think oxygen would be a larger molecule than nitrogen because it has a higher mass on the periodic table, elements further along an element period actually have a small atomic radius because of the nature of the electron shell. An oxygen molecule, O2, is smaller than a nitrogen molecule, N2, making it easier for oxygen to migrate through the wall of tires. Tires filled with air deflate more quickly than those filled with pure nitrogen. A 2007 Consumer Reports study compared air-inflated tires and nitrogen-inflated tires to see which lost pressure more quickly and whether the difference was significant. The study compared 31 different automobile models with tires inflated to 30 psi. They followed the tire pressure for a year and found air-filled tires lost an average of 3.5 psi, while nitrogen-filled tires lost an average of 2.2 psi. In other words, air-filled tires leak 1.59 times more quickly than nitrogen-filled tires. The leakage rate varied widely between different brands of tires, so if a manufacturer recommends filling a tire with nitrogen, its best to heed the advice. For example, the BF Goodrich tire in the test lost 7 psi. Tire age also mattered. Presumably, older tires accumulate tiny fractures which make them more leaky with time and wear. Water is another molecule of interest. If you only ever fill up your tires with dry air, the effects of water arent a problem, but not all compressors remove water vapor. Water in tires should not lead to tire rot in modern tires because they are coated with aluminum so they will form aluminum oxide when exposed to water. The oxide layer protects the aluminum from further attack in much the same way chrome protects steel. However, if you are using tires that do not have the coating, water can attack the tire polymer and degrade it. The more common problem is that water vapor leads to pressure fluctuations with temperature. If there is water in your compressed air, it enters the tires. As the tires heat up, the water vaporizes and expands, increasing tire pressure much more significantly than what you see from the expansion of nitrogen and oxygen. As the tire cools, pressure drops appreciably. The changes reduce tire life expectancy and affect fuel economy. Again, the magnitude of the effect likely is influenced by the brand of tire, age of the tire, and how much water you have in your air. The Bottom Line The important thing is to make sure your tires are kept inflated at the proper pressure. This is much more important than whether the tires are inflated with nitrogen or with air. However, if your tires are expensive or you drive under extreme conditions (i.e., at high speeds or with extreme temperature changes over the course of a trip), its worth it to use nitrogen. If you have low pressure but normally fill with nitrogen, its better to add compressed air than wait until you can get nitrogen, but you may see a difference in the behavior of your tire pressure. If there is water in with the air, any problems will likely be lasting, since theres nowhere for the water to go. Air is fine for most tires and preferable for a vehicle youll take to remote locations since compressed air is much more readily available than nitrogen.

The Song of Songs vs. Lady Antebellum’s Our Kind of Love Free Essays

The Song of Songs vs. Lady Antebellum’s â€Å"Our Kind of Love† The excerpts from The Bedford Anthology of World Literature entitled The Song of Songs can correlate to the contemporary love song â€Å"Our Kind of Love† sang by the notorious, award-winning country music group Lady Antebellum. Besides the fact that these two works were written under antithetical circumstances and during distinctly different time periods, they both share many of the same attributes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Song of Songs vs. Lady Antebellum’s Our Kind of Love or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both of these works closely examine the word â€Å"love†, a word that is commonly misused in the present day generation. Furthermore, they both portray the profound, romantic feeling that a woman and a man share when they are both mentally and physically attracted to each other. The Song of Songs, is often misunderstood. When many people first read this poem, they find it hard to believe that this sexual, explicit love poem is found in the Bible. Phrases like, â€Å"do not rouse her† (210. 9), â€Å"your lips drop sweetness like the honeycomb† (213. 11), â€Å"I have stripped off my dress† (214. 3), and â€Å"I am a wall and my breasts are like towers† (218. 0), are present throughout this poem. Many people read these phrases and think of them to be sexual connotations. These phrases are indeed erotic but what most people do not understand is that this poem is meant to show the love that God has created for a male to feel towards a female and a female to feel towards a male when they are in a monogamous relationship. This poem was also intended to be able to be used as lyric al hymn that could be sung. Many songs in today’s culture portray this feeling of love as well. Our Kind of Love† is a country song sang by the country musical group Lady Antebellum. Although, at first many people may not agree, The Song of Songs, a poem that can be found in the Bible, and â€Å"Our Kind of Love†, a song that just recently was produced, share many of the same qualities. The Song of Songs has two main characters: the bride and the bridegroom whom are lovers. The companions are another group of characters in this poem. They are kind of like the narrators of the poem that chime in at certain times. Each of the three characters plays a contrary role in the love poem. In â€Å"Our Kind of Love†, the country group Lady Antebellum, sings about the love shared between a male and a female. In this song, a man and a woman take turns singing about their love for each other. Even though â€Å"Our Kind of Love† is a song, it can also be considered a poem as well. While reading The Song of Songs, one might doubt that it is a poem because many of the lines contained in this poem do not rhyme with each other however, a poem does not always have to rhyme. One might also disagree that a song such as â€Å"Our Kind of Love† can be a poem, but a song was at one time just a poem until it was actually made into a song. When first looking at both the poem and the song together, the stanza in which they are written looks almost identical besides the fact that the song is obviously shorter than the poem. This should be a clue to the readers right away that they are both poems. Another clue that both of these could be poems or songs, is the title of the poem The Song of Songs. The title says it all. â€Å"Our Kind of Love† and The Songs of Songs are both about two people madly in love. In both of these works, the characters both explain their love towards each other. However, the way they express their love for each other is extremely different. This is because of the difference in cultures and time periods. For example, in The Song of Songs the bridegroom describes his bride’s beauty by using a large amount of adjectives: How beautiful you are, my dearest, how beautiful! Your eyes behind your veil are like doves, your hair like a flock of goats streaming down Mount Gilead (212. 1). In â€Å"Our Kind of Love†, the way the male describes to the female her beauty sounds a little bit different than in The Song of Songs. He explains her beauty by using less description: â€Å"You wear your smile like a summer sky / Just shining down on me and you swear your heart is a free bird / On a lazy Sunday afternoon† (Lady Antebellum). Althou gh these two phrases sound completely different, they are both stating the same thing, that they both think their lover’s are beautiful. The first phrase is written more proper, and the second phrase is more straight-forward and to the point, and this is why a great number of people do not realize that even though the language of The Song of Songs and â€Å"Our Kind of Love† is different, a lot of the phrases in both of these works are stating the same or close to the same thing. Another example of the similarity of phrases is when the bride in The Song of Songs explains the type of love her and the bridegroom share and when both the female and the male in â€Å"Our Kind of Love† define the type of love they have together. The bride in The Song of Songs declares her love for the bridegroom: My beloved has gone down to his garden, to the beds where balsam grows, to delight in the garden and to pick the lilies. / I am my beloved’s, and my beloved is mine, he who delights in the lilies (215. 2-3). In comparison to this phrase, the male and female in â€Å"Our Kind of Love† explain their love by singing: â€Å"Just like driving on an open highway / Never knowing what we’re gonna find / Just like two kids, baby, always trying to live it up / Whoa, yeah, that’s out kind of love (Lady Antebellum). The Song of Songs was written during a much more earlier time period than â€Å"Our Kind of Love†. One can tell this by comparing the language that is used in both of these works. â€Å"Our Kind of Love† is a contemporary song that just came out in the year 2010. This song consists of everyday, modern language. It is very easy to understand the plot of this song just by listening to it or reading it through once. In contrast, The Song of Songs was written â€Å"between 350 and 250 B. C. E. † (208). This poem is much more difficult to understand than Lady Antebellum’s song because it uses more proper, precise language. The Songs of Songs may require a little extra attention in order to clearly understand the poem. This is what throws most people off and makes them think these two works are not alike. However, if one actually takes the time to look over The Song of Songs a couple of extra times, then he will see that they are stating the same objective, just using a different way to say it. When first looking at this essay, one might not agree with my idea that Lady Antebellum’s recent record-breaking hit, â€Å"Our Kind of Love† and the biblical love poem, The Song of Songs are alike. They are indeed written from different time periods and from different cultures however, by now one should agree that these two works are more similar than they are dissimilar. They both have two main characters, a male and a female. Both of these works can be cited as poems or sung aloud. Also, they are both profound love poems. Many say that The Song of Songs was created in order to show God’s creation between a man and a woman and the love they share with each other, and that is what both of these works are doing. Even though The Song of Songs is much longer in length than â€Å"Our Kind of Love†, they both have the same point. One should take the time to examine both of these popular love poems/songs, because it is very interesting to see how big of an impact a difference in culture plays in World Literature. It is very amusing to see how a love poem written somewhere between 350 and 250 B. C. E. can relate so much to a contemporary country song. Works Cited â€Å"The Song of Songs. † The Bedford Anthology of World Literature. Ed. Paul Davis, Gary Harrison, David M. Johnson, Patricia Clark Smith, and John F. Crawford. Book 1 ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004. 208-19. Print. The Ancient World, Beginnings-100 C. E. Lady Antebellum. â€Å"Our Kind of Love. † Need you Now. Quad Studios, 2010 How to cite The Song of Songs vs. Lady Antebellum’s Our Kind of Love, Papers

The Realities and Challenges of Organizational Behavior free essay sample

A complete understanding of organizational behavior requires both an understanding of human behavior and an understanding of the organizational context within which human behavior is acted out. The fact that human beings make up a vital part of any organization is no secret. Indeed, organizational behavior provides a challenge. Much has been learned, and much more remains to be learned. The future portends even more change, even more challenges, even more complexity. Behavioral study provides performance feedback and insight into why employees behave a certain way and their informal social interactions. Organizations are open systems consisting of people, technology, structure, and purpose, which interact with elements in the organization’s environment. They face innumerable challenges on several fronts in their efforts to remain competitive. The correct application of organizational behavior, besides being interesting and practical, allows managers to identify workers who are extremely productive or especially unproductive and to comprehend why such differences exist and helps managers understand the complexity within organizations, identify problems, and determine the best way to correct them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Realities and Challenges of Organizational Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For a company to be efficient, it needs to do more than just manage its assets and assign tasks to its personnel. Rather, it needs to adopt a holistic approach to organizational behavior which is humanistic. Organizational behavior has manifold implications for various managerial, organizational, and global challenges. It is the study of individual behavior and group dynamics in organizational settings which focuses on motivation, leadership, teamwork, and communication. Moreover, it also encompasses contemporary issues in organizations. Managers are concerned with the quantity and quality of the work their employees are performing. They must consider personal and environmental factors to understand fully how people behave in organizations and to help them grow to be all they can be. They should learn as much as possible about psychology in order to understand their employees. Four challenges for managers are the global environment, the workplace, ethical issues at work, and technological innovation. In addition, they must continually upgrade their knowledge about all aspects of their businesses, especially the human side of the organization. Reality reflects what is going on in all types of organizations public and private, large and small, product and service-oriented. It also reflects the themes of globalization, diversity, technology, and ethics. Challenges provide opportunities for us to grow and develop both as individuals and organizations. Challenge and opportunity are watchwords in organizations during these challenging times. Managers and employees alike are challenged to positively and optimistically meet change in how work gets done, change in psychological and legal interactions between individuals and organizations, change in personnel, and change in the basis for organization. As organizational behavior deals with understanding and managing people in the workplace, it is important to note that a successful organization makes use of the various kinds of expertise it possesses in order to enhance performance and pursues goals in a changing environment by adapting its behavior according to its knowledge about itself and the world it operates in. Moreover, it is skilled at creating, acquiring, organizing, and sharing knowledge, and at applying this knowledge to create its workplace culture. In general, most successful managers have a strong combination of technical, interpersonal, conceptual, and diagnostic skills. Managers of the future need to develop special skills to deal with the turbulence of change, and one of these important skills is the ability to promote creativity in organizations. The organization is successful to the extent that it mobilizes its resources effectively in the pursuit of organizational and human goals.

All the Kings Men, by Robert Penn Warren

All the Kings Men, by Robert Penn Warren Free Online Research Papers Summary: All the King’s Men was written by Robert Penn Warren and published in 1946. It is about a politician named Willie Talos, who becomes the governor of a state somewhere in the South. The novel won the Pulitzer Prize in 1947, and was made into a movie in 1949. Willie Talos suddenly becomes well known throughout his state because of the collapse of a schoolhouse. He had warned the people not to use that contractor, who was known to use inferior materials, but no one listened to him. When the schoolhouse collapsed, killing three children, Willie’s idea that state government made some kind of secret agreement with the contractor was brought to many people’s attention. Sadie Burke and Tiny Duffy, working for another candidate, convince Willie to run for governor so the votes for the others would be split. When Willie finds out, he is furious, and makes an emotional speech that the crowd loves. But he drops out of the election, and campaigns against Sadie and Tiny’s candidate. Four years later, Willie becomes governor and hires Jack Burden as an addition to his pack of political cronies, which already includes Tiny Duffy, lieutenant-governor, and Sugar-Boy, Willieâ €™s reckless driver and bodyguard. Jack Burden is a reporter who admires Willie Talos. Jack is also a historian, having studied American history at the state college where he also researched and started to write the biography of Cass Masters, one of Jack’s ancestors. Jack is used by Willie to research his opponents and find unpleasant facts about them. Response: Throughout the book, the story shifts in time. The main time periods are the present, three years ago, and fourteen years ago. Although this can be a little confusing, it makes it easy to see the changes in Willie’s personality. He goes from being quiet, careful, and always honest, to a bullying governor who is seeking revenge on the Judge for not supporting him. Summary: Judge Irwin makes himself an enemy of Willie by backing an opposing candidate, and Jack is asked to â€Å"dig up some dirt† on him. But Jack hesitates, since he has known the judge his whole life. The judge was like a father to him. But he decides that there is probably nothing to find, since the judge has such a good reputation. Willie knows better. He says that everyone has some secret, and the judge is no exception. After Jack had researched the judge for seven months, he discovers that Judge Irwin had once accepted a bribe, and that Joel Stanton, the governor and the father of Jack’s childhood friends Adam and Anne Stanton, had covered it up. Jack hopes that he never has to reveal this. But when Willie wants Adam to become the director of his new hospital, Jack has to tell Adam to persuade him. Willie’s free hospital is his plan for helping the poor of the state and boosting his own popularity. Willie’s actions become more dishonest by the day. Response: Jack has always liked the judge, and is shocked to learn that he took a bribe. Despite his claims that the purpose of the free hospital is to help the poor people in the state, it seems that Willie is building to more for himself. He wants to be remembered as good for the state. Summary: Sam MacMurfee, a powerful enemy for Willie, threatens Willie with a paternity suit against Tom, Willie’s son, if Willie runs for the Senate. After trying several ways to stop him, Willie remembers the research Jack had done on Judge Irwin, who has the power to control MacMurfee’s threats. Willie orders Jack to blackmail the judge into helping him. Jack obeys Willie, telling Judge Irwin that if he does not help Willie, people will find out about his bribe. Instead of bending to Willie’s will like Jack, Judge Irwin kills himself. In the commotion following Judge Irwin’s death, Jack learns that Judge Irwin was his real father. Willie strikes a deal with Gummy Larson, a building contractor and friend to MacMurfee. Willie gives Larson the contract to build the hospital, and Larson persuades MacMurfee to drop the case on Tom. Response: Here is more proof that Willie would stop at nothing to get what he wants. Jack obeys Willie and threatens the judge, causing him to commit suicide. Jack seems to be more of a puppet than a person. Judge Irwin once called him Willie’s â€Å"body servant† after seeing Willie tell Jack to get him a drink, and Jack going to obey blindly. Summary: Just as things were looking alright for Tom, he has an accident playing football and is paralyzed. This causes Willie to take a long look at his life, and what has happened to him since he got into politics. He cancels all the plans for the hospital, which angers Tiny Duffy. To get even with Willie, Tiny tells Adam that his sister Anne is Willie’s mistress. Adam is furious and shoots Willie. Then Sugar-Boy, loyal to Willie as always, kills Adam. Willie, unable to recover from the serious wound, dies a few days later. Now Jack is trying to figure this all out, and make sense of his own life. He marries Anne and finishes the biography of Cass Mastern. Response: If this novel has a moral at all, it’s probably about power and truth. Power changed Willie and caused him to do things that he’d never have dreamed of doing before he got into politics. Truth and the fear that people would find the truth caused Adam to kill Willie and Judge Irwin to commit suicide. Morality is probably a big part of it, too. The main idea at the end of the book was that if you drop your morals, everything else goes, too. Research Papers on All the King's Men, by Robert Penn WarrenUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresWhere Wild and West MeetHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBringing Democracy to AfricaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital Punishment

Identifying and Correcting Sentence Fragments (Test #1)

Identifying and Correcting Sentence Fragments (Test #1) This exercise will give you practice in identifying and correcting sentence fragments. You may find it helpful to review the examples and observations at the glossary entry for Fragments. InstructionsFor each item below, write correct if the word group in italics is a complete sentence; write fragment if the italicized word group is not a complete sentence. Correct each fragment either by attaching it to the sentence alongside it or adding the words needed to complete the idea. When you are done, compare your responses with the suggested answers on page two. When you are worried, talk things over with someone who cares. Dont keep your troubles bottled up inside. Using a paper clip to pick the lock. Archie broke into the storeroom.Wild animals do not make good household pets. A wombat, for instance, may claw up your carpet looking for roots. After several delays throughout the afternoon. The game was finally canceled because of rain.Some sports are much more popular outside the U.S. Soccer and rugby, for example. While walking home, I noticed a stranger following me in the shadows. He was wearing a hockey mask and carrying a chainsaw.Jason stood in the doorway. His eyes blinking nervously, his fingers tapping on the frame. Two weeks at summer camp and a week at Maggies farm. I was ready to go back to school.Katie works at the college snack bar. Every weekend and on Tuesday and Thursday nights. Before we entered the house, Holly peeked through a window. No one appeared to be home.Many common foods contain large amounts of sugar. Such as ketchup and hamburger buns. Raising the window so that I could clean the outside panes. I strained my back.Fred ran across the rain-soaked lawn. His shirttail flapping in the breeze. Whenever you get the urge to sing. Please stifle that urge. When the band played Somebody That I Used to Know, I began to cry. It reminded me of you. Below are suggested answers to the exercise on page one: Identifying and Correcting Sentence Fragments. Correct FragmentUsing a paper clip to pick the lock, Archie broke into the storeroom. Correct FragmentAfter several delays throughout the afternoon, the game was finally canceled because of rain. FragmentSome sportssoccer and rugby, for exampleare much more popular outside the U.S. Correct FragmentJason stood in the doorway, his eyes blinking nervously, his fingers tapping on the frame. FragmentAfter two weeks at summer camp and a week at Maggies farm, I was ready to go back to school. FragmentKatie works at the college snack bar every weekend and on Tuesday and Thursday nights. Correct FragmentMany common foods, such as ketchup and hamburger buns, contain large amounts of sugar. FragmentRaising the window so that I could clean the outside panes, I strained my back. FragmentFred ran across the rain-soaked lawn, his shirttail flapping in the breeze. FragmentWhenever you get the urge to sing, please stifle that urge. Correct

Value-chain for loreal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Value-chain for loreal - Assignment Example Value chain within an organization consists of both primary and support activities. Inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, service, and sales and marketing are primary activities. On the other hand, firm infrastructure, HRM, technology development and procurement are support activities (Appendix). L’Oreal used to obtain raw materials and resources from effective suppliers in order to offer high quality unique and differentiated products to target customers. Low supply chain lead time and improved inventory turnover helped L’Oreal to bring efficiency in its overall internal supply chain management process. The management of the organization sources high quality natural raw materials from the suppliers. Original extracts from flowers and leaves are being used to manufacture beauty products and cosmetics (Gong, 2013, p.75). In addition to this, the organization has developed a strong research and development team that helps the organization to manufacture quality products in reasonable price level. The organization has its own distribution channel. In addition to this, the organization has established own retail chain stores across the globe. The distribution team of L’Oreal used to distribute the products to retailers, wholesalers, dealers and large retail chain stores (Tang, 2007, p.32). The management of the organization implemented both online and offline promotional marketing strategies in order to create significant brand awareness among the target customers. Effective celebrity endorsement is the major strength of this brand. In terms of sales, the organization adopted and implemented aggressive selling strategy in order to enhance positive sales growth rate. The management of the organization has ensured effective customer service management process in order to meet the market demand and satisfaction level of target customers. The customers can post their questions and

Economics Essay, applying Porter's Diamond to the construction Essay

Economics , applying Porter's Diamond to the construction industry - Essay Example The work includes building of roads, bridges and other major infrastructures. The real estate business is also urban based; so the constructions companies need to base all their business activity in urban areas in order to compliment the real estate industry. The repair and maintenance of existing buildings and other infrastructures also falls under the domain of construction industry and its major business comes from the densely populated urban areas. This is due to the fact that the more usage of infrastructure in densely populated urban areas results in higher damages and hence is subject to repair. There are mainly three categories in which the construction industry is divided. First, being the heavy constructions that require high civil engineering; in this category we have the construction of roads, bridges and other big infrastructures. In this category the big guns of construction industry come into function for all major commitments. The second category is the general constr uction of buildings of real estate; in this category the construction companies operate in housing development works. The small construction companies mainly operate in this category, as it requires small budgetary involvements. The third and final category comprise of special constructive work, which is done in small scale. Specialized areas of construction fall in this category like the construction work on wood, electric related works, etc. In this category very specific construction companies operate as it require specialization in specific field of work. (Economy watch, n.d). It is seen that the contractor may be an individual or any organization; contractors definitely fall in any of the above categories in construction business. A construction firm, of any size can fall under these three categories of the construction business. The scope of growth of construction industry is favorable in the developing countries where the trend of

Structural Change Management Process: The NHS

Structural Change Management Process: The NHS The case study report below is complete dissection of the undertaken structural change process by the Rossett NHS Hospital Trust to achieve its business objectives. Rossett NHS Hospital Trust attempted to introduce generic worker concept involving about 250 employees from its huge employee base of 2800. This change was part of a wider, strategic transformation in the NHS hospital with its focus on human resources issues, and in compliance with government initiatives, in the process realise continual improvement in quality of services rendered to patients and improve value for money. The nature of and rationale for the attempt of introduction of the generic worker concept was to achieve significant reduction in waiting times, improve flexibility, responsiveness to the patient needs by combining the roles right to the ward level and creating a central pool. This would enhance multiskilled work force who are eligible enough to conduct other full range of domestic and portering roles and other services including serving patient, clearing, and portering. The management through this structural change i.e. adapting to generic worker concept wanted to improve the working atmosphere of its employees by improving the flexibility in task allocation and rendering by its employee base and motivation of impacted employee base which in-turn reduce the absenteeism, which, is currently among the highest, when compared to the industry average. The finance department claimed that successful implementation would help to provide good value for money and make cost savings and proposed single grade and pay spine to the impacted employees and performance bonuses on attendance. From the operations perspective, this would bring about enormous benefits of flexibility and would simply and improve efficiency by avoiding waiting for action time and wasted journey and other duplication of efforts. The report below tries to analyze in depth about. Literature review Team Management and Team Constitution When two or more people interact among each other to accomplish a goal then it is called group. A group of people who work intensively with each other to achieve a set goal is called a TEAM. Team members should always be driving by the goal rather than individual results. The success of a team depends on the accomplishment of set objective or the drive to excel the same. Team functionality impacts the organizations effectiveness and performance. The contributing factors from the both the individual and organization context which are the driving factors for team existence and performance: Contributing factors for team cohesiveness and performance There are different types of teams which include functional or departmental, cross-functional, and self-managing. Each of these types of teams have certain characteristic features which differentiate their functioning style and objectives set to achieve. There are four essential elements that make the team successful or adventurous; goals/objectives, interdependence, commitment, and accountability. There are basically three different formats of team functionalities which explain how each team exhibits their cohesiveness and working style, as explained below. Basic functional team structure Team should be encouraged to develop: Positive Interdependence Face-to-Face promotive Interaction Individual Accountability/Personal Responsibility: Teamwork Skills Reduce social loafing as it is human tendency to put forth less effort in team than individually. Conflict management among the team members. Team Development and Management: Team development is a process which needs to be carried along cautiously and in controlled manner. Team management is set of processes and/or procedures carried out along to achieve the teams set objectives or goals. As Bruce Tuckman (65) explained the process is formed of five major steps as forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Following these steps in true intentions would only build the team to be together, build constructive consensus of ideas/thoughts, and explore newer avenues leading to effective result oriented team. Bruce Tuckmans five stage team development Motivation The processes that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining goal is called motivation. Motivation is said to be intrinsic, that drives from within or from intangible benefits or extrinsic, that drives from outside facilitators or from the tangible benefits. The term motivation can be described in many different formats and views, as of author mentions, DrÂÂ  Stephen P. Robbins, this is the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal (S. P. Robbins). In general there are broadly two types of motivation; Process theory Content theory A process theory defines motivation as a rational cognitive process occurring within the individual as explained through Adams Equity theory. While on the other hand, a content theory defines motivation in terms of need satisfaction as explained through the Maslows Hierarchy of needs theory. Hence, the above two theories defer in many ways because each recognize motivation and its application due to the circumstances. Motivation Factors that will motivate if they are present are the claim of achievement, advancement, recognition, and responsibility. Dissatisfaction is not normally blamed on Motivation Factors, but they are cited as the cause of job satisfaction. Herzberg believed that organizations should motivate employees by adopting a democratic approach to management and by improving the nature and content of the actual job through certain methods. Some of the methods managers could use to achieve this are: Job enlargement workers being given a greater variety of tasks to perform which should make the work more interesting. Job enrichment workers being given a wider range of more complex, interesting, and challenging tasks. This should give a greater sense of achievement. Empowerment delegating more power to employees to make their own decisions over areas of their working life. Hygiene Factors that de-motivate (in absence) Such as supervision, interpersonal relations, physical working conditions, and salary. Hygiene Factors affect the level of dissatisfaction, but are rarely quoted as creators of job satisfaction. C07NF006 Herzbergs Two-factor Theory In the case study provided, the two main types of motivational theories which through me reading are most adaptable are the Porter and Lawyers theory which is a Process theory, its features and how it adapts to the workplace. And on the content theory side I find the Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory, its features and how it adapts to the workplace to be most suitable. Porters and Lawler Theory Porter and Lawler (1968) explained that modulating the work atmosphere so that effective performance would lead to both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, which would implicate to increase in complete job satisfaction. Understandably in this model is the assumption that intrinsic and extrinsic rewards are additive and correlated, yielding complete job satisfaction. According to Porter Lawler Theory, any premises that felt needs cause human behavior and that the effort expended to accomplish a task is determined by the perceived value of rewards will result from finishing the task and the probability that those rewards will materialize (GAGNE and DECI, 2005) Porter and Lawler (1968) expanded Vrooms initial work to recognize the role of individual differences (e.g., employee abilities and skills) and role clarity in linking job effort to actual job performance. This is one of most comprehensive motivational structure based on the expectation theory which elaborates on all the factors which can influence each individuals motivation. Porter and Lawler incorporated a feedback loop to recognize learning by employees about past relationships. Leadership Leader is one who can impress upon a group to behave or act according to his/her objectives. The leaders ability in doing so depends on the ability in process application of both knowledge and skills. According to Northouses (2007) definition Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. The ability of process application of a leader can be explained through the process leadership explanation. (Jago 1982). But, in general there are traits which influences our action, this can be explained through the Trait Leadership (Jago 1982). Jagos Leadership theories This explains that the leadership is learned, leaders ability of application of process of skills and knowledge depends on the traits or attributes he posses or believes in. Today, leadership is increasingly associated not with command and control but with the concept of inspiration, of getting along with other people and creating a vision with which others can identify. For example, Adair sees leadership as a combination of example, persuasion and compulsion that results in making people do things they might not otherwise have done. According to Levine, leaders need to concentrate upon moving people and organisations forward by increasing the competency of staff and the co-operation of teams in order to improve the organisation. A leaders job is to constantly challenge the bureaucracy that smothers individual enthusiasm and the desire to contribute to an organization. Leadership and management Management is more usually viewed as getting things done through other people in order to achieve stated organisational objectives. The manager may react to specific situations and be more concerned with solving short-term problems. Management is regarded as relating to people working within a structured organisation and with prescribed roles. Management may arguably be viewed more in terms of planning, organizing, directing and controlling the activities of subordinate staff. Leadership, however, is concerned more with attention to communicating with, motivating, encouraging and involving people. The emphasis of leadership is on interpersonal behaviour in a broader context. It is often associated with the willing and enthusiastic behaviour of followers. There are other differences between leadership and management. For example, Zaleznik explores difference in attitudes towards goals, conceptions of work, relations with others, self-perception and development. Managers tend to adopt impersonal or passive attitudes towards goals. Leaders adopt a more personal and active attitude towards goals. In order to get people to accept solutions, the manager needs continually to co-ordinate and balance in order to compromise conflicting values. The leader creates excitement in work and develops choices that give substance to images that excite people. In their relationships with other people, managers maintain a low level of emotional involvement. Leaders have empathy with other people and give attention to what events and actions mean. Managers see themselves more as conservators and regulators of the existing order of affairs with which they identify, and from which they gain rewards. Leaders work in, but do not belong to, the organisation. Their sense of identity does not depend upon membership or work roles and they search out opportunities for change. Transactional and Transformational There are two fundamental forms of leaderships Transactional and Transformational Transactional leadership is based on legitimate authority within the bureaucratic structure of the organisation. The emphasis is on the clarification of goals and objectives, work task and outcomes, and organisational rewards and punishments. Transactional leadership appeals to the self-interest of followers. It is based on a relationship of mutual dependence and an exchange process of: I will give you this, if you do that. Transformational leadership, by contrast, is a process of generating higher levels of motivation and commitment among followers. The emphasis is on generating a vision for the organisation and the leaders ability to appeal to higher ideals and values of followers, and creating a feeling of justice, loyalty and trust. In the organisational sense, transformational leadership is about transforming the performance or fortunes of a business. This type of leadership is best suited during the structural change circumstances. Critical Analysis Proposed change The management of the Rossett NHS Hospital Trust hospital envisioned to revamp the organizational structure through seven key changes in their business plan for the yea. Of them the reports elaborates on the attempt to introduce multiskilled, ward based teams of support workers. This transformation would impact around 250 employees. The objective of the changes was to achieve competitive advantage over other hospitals and earn greater customer satisfaction. The proposed change is an attempt to introduce the generic worker concept to significantly reduce the waiting time and improve the compliance with government initiatives and introduction of major information systems. The Site service Directorate was responsible for this implementation. It was broadly constituted of Hotel Services (domestic and portering staff), which was managed by Deputy Director of Site Services, but the actual ownership of the change was owned by Director (Anita Patel). The changed comprised all the porter and domestic staff. The staff was divided into three groups under three managers while some of the staff were stationed at specific departments but majority were placed in the central pool to attend to various duties including serving food and assisting nurse ancillary staff. These staffs were to report to the managers at Site Services Directorate (which was a conflict reason in practice). This change required additional training to get acquaintance with new jobs they would have to perform. The staff had to embrace to work flexibility and teamwork and some needed to face change in shifts. This change is structure came out with great news with structured payment system and pay rise along with performance bonuses aimed at improving the employee motivation and job satisfaction. Actual change The vision of management was taken bitter tone when it came out open and functional though they envisioned greater and positive response from all involved including middle managers and the actual employees impacted but the story in practice was completely different which lead to failure in implementation to achieve the objectives. The actual impacted staff showed little or no interest in the change as thought it to be invasive into their working schedule and their interest of work. Though certain women staff were happy to see the men staff doing the cleaning and others and but the nurse felt they were neglected and their duties were invaded by the lower ranked staff. Majority of staff had no clear idea has what kind of activities they would be involved which lead to reduced job identification and satisfaction. These changes brought out major conflicts among the middle managers and actual working staff as there were not clear demarcation of duties or jobs and who would be involved where and when would be the staff put at work, all this created lots of confusion and job dissatisfaction and conflicts among the actual working staff and also between the department involved. The managers (middle) were not able to clearly identify the conflicts which lead to ineffective actions to tap these differences. The managers were not able to distinguish out the problems and gel the differences due to loss of ownership of job. As one of porter staff mentioned the change as fire-fighting- there is no service level agreement in place against which to measure performance. The other area where conflict and confusion rose was with the rota preparation as manager were having hard time to track who can do what and where to place and when to place them since they to pick from the general pool of employees. The manager were facing difficulty in tracking and employees felt bias treatment bestowed upon few employees and that rota system preparation was not in-line with conditions laid down for change. The other major problem was the gender issue which came out in open when most of men openly showed their dissatisfaction to working as cleaners. This issue was completely neglected, as no manager looked into it right from the planning stage to the implementation stage. From the managers point of view they seemed to be completely powerless as no clear demarcation of rules and regulations, which lead to ineffective control by them on the change and could not initiate any mending ways or improvise the circumstances. To add to the present situation even the union (UNISON) was against the change implementation saying it would radically change employee benefit agreements and that this is just a cost improvement exercise without considering the employee and their concerns and advocated employees to vote against the change. So, to conclude this whole generic working concept was utter failure, though there was last ditch effort to save the change by the management but could not succeed in their effort. Recommendations and conclusions On careful dissection of the whole of the happenings during the trial period of the change envisioned by the Rossett NHS Hospital Trust I deem the following recommendations and conclusions as the most suitable and adaptable the trust should have taken to the successful accomplishment of their business vision. Of note, there were certain positive points to the envisioned generic worker concept, these were (to mention a few); Simplified pay structure. Performance bounces linked to attendance. Option of shift changes. Job profile enhancement and new job cultivation. Opportunity of greater team building avenues. Greater customer satisfaction feasibility. Improvement to the financial health of the trust. But these good points were not communicated down to the employees in practical. On the leadership front, the management though had these benefits on the paper and on the discussion table with the down line managers but did not clear demarcate roles and regulations for the immediate line managers to exhibit and propagate these benefits and also let them exploit their leadership skills in handling the circumstances in day-to-day running during the trial period. The immediate line or reporting managers were left stranded having nothing to do to with various grievances of the actual and effected work force under them. These restrictions and inability led the team manager and members to have job dissatisfaction and lack of motivation to pursue the management vision. There was need for a transformational leader who took up the responsibility and courage to stand up to the occasion driven the team to envision the same vision as seen by the management. The moral of the image above, when during any change the leaders transformational ability comes handy as he has to tackle and win over the employee resistance, depending on the complexity of the task, and also the magnitude of change envisioned by the management. But none these ever exhibited by any of line and immediate managers of Trust Hospital. On the motivational front, after careful literature review the basics of the Porters and Lawler Theory which was based on the expectancy theory was completely neglected by all levels of management in the Trust Hospital. The line managers did nothing to motivate the employee effected, or should say, had no say in taking control of the situation, this lead the team to be completely de-motivated and resultant being them to be less inclined to pursue management vision of structural change though it benefited them greatly. Motivational level at the line manager was equally demoralized as the top management did not let them express themselves during any of the meetings and only positive points were discussed rather taking the holistic view of the structural change into consideration. Both the intrinsic and extrinsic rewards though were present in the structural change present but were not explained to the team effectively which lead to demotivation of the work force. On the team management front, members were not cohesive with each other and always in their old stigma of work culture and they were confronted upon before going ahead with the changes which lead to the feeling of neglect growing in them. The basic contributing factor of team cohesiveness were not put to practice, when the members felt that their rota was prepared as the change structure specification there was no one to provide them with consolidating reasons showing single lane attitude from the management. The trial team formed (reciprocal task based team) where exposed and were happy with the structural change (voted in favor of vote) but management could not duplicate their satisfaction and motivation to the rest of the actual work force impacted by the proposed structural change envisioned. Team members were not introduced to the new change and their conflicts and concerns never made to the change meetings between the line managers and top management. The delicate gender issues were also equally neglected. This clearly shows the areas where the management completely failed and needs to improve if they ever needed to achieve their objective in the future. To conclude for the failure of the envisioned structural change proposed by the management cannot be restricted to one area or department but a complete collapse of non-adherence to basics of structural management theories to mention a few team building and management, motivation, and leadership as discussed in the report above. Had the top management been able to clearly embark the capacity and specified roles along with rules and regulations to the line managers and taken into consideration the concerns of the actual work force to be effected by the generic workers concept the results would have been in favor of the structural change. To sum up, there was utter chaos and neglect to stick to the basic structural change management theories which lead to negate the structural change to generic worker concept by the actual work force to be impacted though there were numerous benefits to the Trust hospital and employees to be impacted.

The Earth-sifters of Tel Bet Shemesh Essay -- Personal Narrative Essay

The Earth-sifters of Tel Bet Shemesh    The newest addition to my bedroom wall is a framed enlargement of a summer solstice sunrise. It's not the only photo on my walls, but this one is different.  Ã‚      In that photo, light from a nearly-visible sun looms up from behind a cluster of tents and human silhouettes that could easily date back to the Early Iron Age. In fact, those silhouettes belong to twenty-first century, Early Silicon Age students in search of thirteen hundred year old artifacts atop an ancient, artificial mountain that was created over centuries as successive cultures built upon the ruins of previous civilizations. For me, as for the other students and professors who worked this summer at the archaeological excavation at Tel Bet Shemesh, this photo conjures up memories of earth-sifters and wheelbarrows, rhythmically chinking pickaxes on stone, and excavation grit grinding between our teeth. Zvi and Shlomo, our fearless Israeli directors, would excitedly exhort us to sweep, scrape, and sift with near-reckless abandon, on only one condition: we could never, unde... ...cial conflict. Because of the government's involvement with archaeological exploration and archaeology's dependence on international volunteers at Israeli excavation sites, not even remote digs were spared the political posturing that characterizes Middle Eastern life.    I highly recommend this experience to students who have a passion for cultural or political history, who are willing to work long hours, and who can live in a close community with other volunteers. Enthusiasm more than makes up for a lack of previous archaeological experience.

Topical Issues

Abortion â€Å"Unsafe abortions kill 200 women a day according to IPAS, a non-governmental organisation based in the US. IPAS claims that much more needs to be done to make abortion safe and accessible†. * The Bible teaches that human life is different from other types of life, because human beings are made in the very image of God. * The Bible teaches that children are a blessing. * The Bible teaches that the child in the womb is truly a human child, who even has a relationship with the Lord. * Scripture repeatedly condemns the killing of the innocent. * The Bible teaches that God is a God of justice. Scripture teaches people to love. * Life is victorious over death. My conscience tells me abortion is wrong because * All life is sacred-all life on Earth was created by almighty God above, and  it is  therefore morally wrong to deprive an unborn child. * No one except God can take away life- all life on Earth was created by almighty God above and so it follows that only He can take it away. No one have this right. * Abortion is an anagram of iron boat- I pointing out that abortion is an anagram of Iron boat because, like abortions, iron boats are bad!They sink straight to the bottom, killing everyone on board. Exactly like what abortive mothers do. Roman Catholic and protestant both have same belief. This is what they believe- * Life begins at conception – the foetus is a human being with human rights. * All Bible teaching on human life also applied to the foetus- especially the commandment â€Å"Thou shall not kill†. * If a mother can’t support her baby then it should be adopted. * Life is sacred because it is given by God. * They described abortion as a great evil.

Natural And Man Made Disasters - 1730 Words

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Such events are not anything caused because of human beings, but only by the actions of atmospheric conditions, or due to the changes of continental drifts that these disasters occur. Technology has come a long way since the early days before the industrial revolution where predictions can be made and warnings can be issued. This helps reduce the amount of possible loss of lives that would occur in 21st century. However, that is not what happened during Hurricane Katrina, a category 5 Hurricane. Hurricane Katrina The risks. First and foremost, forecasters where confusedShow MoreRelatedMan Made Natural Disaster: Acid Rain1330 Words   |  6 Pageseffect, and acid rain are man-made disasters. The ozone layer is the part of the Earths atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3). The cause of ozone depletion is the presence of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and related halocarbons gases in the atmosphere. 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