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Topic Areas of Environmental Sociology

Topic Areas of Environmental Sociology Environmental sociology is a subfield of the wider discipline in which researchers and theorists focus on the relationships between society and the environment. The subfield took shape following the environmental movement of the 1960s. Within this subfield, sociologists might examine specific institutions and structures like law, politics, and economy, and their relationships to environmental conditions; and also on the relationship between group behavior and environmental conditions, like for example the environmental implications of waste disposal and recycling. Importantly, environmental sociologists also study how environmental conditions affect the everyday lives, economic livelihood, and public health of populations. Environmental Sociology Topic Areas Climate change  is arguably the most important topic of research among environmental sociologists today. Sociologists investigate the human, economic, and political causes of climate change, and they investigate the effects that climate change has on many aspects of social life, like behavior, culture, values, and the economic health of populations experiencing its effects. Central to the sociological approach to climate change is the study of the relationship between economy and environment. A key analytic focus within this subfield is the particular effects that a capitalist economyone premised on continual growthhas on the environment. Environmental sociologists who study this relationship might focus on the implications of consumption of natural resources in processes of production, and methods of production and resource recapture that aim to be sustainable, among other things. The relationship between energy and environment is another important topic among environmental sociologists today. This relationship is intimately connected to the first two listed, as the burning of fossil fuels to power industry is recognized by climate scientists to be the central driver of global warming, and thus climate change. Some environmental sociologists who focus on energy study the way different populations think about energy use and its implications, and how their behavior is connected to these ideas; and they might study the way energy policy shapes behavior and outcomes. Politics, law, and public policy, and the relationships these have to environmental conditions and problems are also areas of focus among environmental sociologists. As institutions and structures that shape corporate and individual behavior, they have indirect effects on the environment. Sociologists who focus on these areas investigate topics like the extent to which and through what mechanisms laws regarding emissions and pollution are enforced; how people act collectively to shape them; and the forms of power that might enable or prevent them from doing so, among other things. Many environmental sociologists study the relationship between social behavior and environment. In this area there is a large degree of overlap between environmental sociology and the sociology of consumption, as many sociologists recognize the important and consequential relationships between consumerism  and consumer behavior, and environmental problems and solutions. Environmental sociologists also examine how social behaviors, like the  use of transportation, consumption of energy, and waste and recycling practices, shape environmental outcomes, as well as how environmental conditions shape social behavior. Another important area of focus among environmental sociologists is the relationship between inequality and environment. Numerous studies have documented that income, racial, and gender inequality make the populations that experience them more likely to experience negative environmental outcomes like pollution, proximity to waste, and lack of access to natural resources. The study of environmental racism is, in fact, a specific area of focus within environmental sociology. Environmental sociologists continue to study these relationships today, and the way populations and institutions respond to them, and they also examine them on a global scale, looking at the way populations among nations have differing relationships to the environment based on relative privilege and wealth. Notable Environmental Sociologists Notable environmental sociologists today include John Bellamy Foster, John Foran, Christine Shearer, Richard Widick, and Kari Marie Norgaard. The late Dr. William Freudenberg is considered an important pioneer in this subfield who made great contributions to it, and Indian scientists and activist Vandana Shiva is considered an honorary environmental sociologist by many. Where to Find More Information on Environmental Sociology To learn more about this vibrant and growing subfield of sociology, visit the website for the American Sociological Associations section on Environment and Technology, and review the research published in journals like  Environmental Sociology, Human Ecology, Nature and Culture, Organization and Environment, Population and Environment, Rural Sociology, and Society and Natural Resources. Students interested in pursuing environmental sociology will find many undergraduate programs with a focus in this area, as well as an increasing number of graduate sociology and interdisciplinary programs that offer specialized study and training.

History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

History - Assignment Example It was the â€Å"’cruel necessity’ that made independence unavoidable† (Maier, 1997) and the â€Å"painful and harrowing† (Thomas, 2001) genesis resulted from the American Revolution. The primary cause for the revolution then was the taxes to claim ‘unlimited jurisdiction’ over the Americans. This began with the Stamp Act. For some, there were impelling economic reasons to remain within the empire for security, but especially during the war after the debacle at Quebec, the American Prohibitory Act which shut all trade with the colonies was perhaps ‘the nail in the coffin’ that â€Å"put the two Countries asunder† (Richard Henry Lee). The later hiring of mercenaries only outraged Americans towards the Crown. The other dimension that made revolution necessary was the British mishandling of their colony, and therefore the need to â€Å"sever ties with a long colonial past† (Ferling, 2004). â€Å"The Royal Navy had bombarded and burned American towns, and the colonists’ commerce had been nearly shut down by a British blockade† (Ferling, 2004). It is the war that enabled the final break because it transformed â€Å"the colonists’ deep-seated love for Britain into enmity† (Ferling, 2004). The hostilities also brought on massive unemployment, heinous cruelties, slave insurrections, and the spread of diseases. The anti-independence faction being ‘the dullest and slowest of sailors’ still needed convincing, as they feared retaliation the most, but eventually it was clear that the sword of the war was ‘opening their veins’ and this compelled Americans to fight for their freedom. At the time of the revolution, those who remained loyal t o the British crown only constituted a third of the colonists. Another third that were ‘true blue’ were prepared to fight the British redcoats arriving in New York. Success had already been achieved in Boston. However, what really precipitated the

Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supply Chain - Essay Example that determines the efficiency of the overall business to a great extent and its effectiveness reflects and ensures the effectiveness of other front end business processes. For example, when an efficient supply chain enables the timely and cost effective procurement of the services, the possibility of providing goods or services to the customers increases many folds. The travel agency business is no exception in this regards. This paper intends to explore the supply chain under ‘brick and mortar system ’and compare the changes that has been brought due to the interventions of technology on the supply chain. Before moving further few terms need to be explained. Brick and Mortar means manual way of working. Click and mortar means combination of manual and automated working; whereas, click only means totally automated working. The business of travel agency in older times, when the brick and mortar system was in operations, was mainly manual and the service they used to provide was to arrange for the flights, booking of the hotels and to arrange any other service required by the customers during the travelling. Let us explore the supply chain for the travel agency under brick and mortar system. Under manual system, the participants of the supply chain were, the travel agent, the hotel administration, the airline ticking staff and other salesman for relevant services, for example, if the customer is being provided with the car rentals, then the car rental vendor will also be the participant of the supply chain. The process of supply chain was very simple yet bearing a lot of demerits. The process was like, the travel agent used to have the agreements with different vendors and on receiving orders, they used to go to those vendors, book their service and get the tickets/ receipts etc. Though it was very simple supply chain, yet it bore many discrepancies, for example, suppose that a travel agent books the ticket for a particular destination for his journey but

TAM provides Essay Example for Free

TAM provides Essay Online trust is essential in e-commerce as such trait is needed to have a healthy relationship among consumers and electronic marketing firms. Trust governs how the consumer behaves in online transactions and activities. The paper aims to evaluate the understanding of online trust in e-commerce and thus have provided one method and two essential models to be discussed. Dr. Hemphill gave us simple factors which influence the formation of online trust. The study suggested that terms and policies must be presented to the consumer through the website in order for the consumer to understand the process of the firm in the businesses in terms of dealing within transactions. Most online marketers will spend much on their website development for people to acquire their services. Thus, some people argue that gaining online trust is not just mere commitment in giving out service; it is included as a package for consumers to get enticed to ask for the firms services and continue to acquire their services. TAM provides an understanding of how technology affects the formation of trust. A model used by many researchers regarding online trust, the TAM evaluates how the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of the technology contributes to the trust and dependency of the individual with the technology. As observed in the society, people sees technology, in particular the computer and the Internet, as easy to use and useful. Everyday transactions can be done through this system which makes the lives of people easier and faster. As the paper specified, e-commerce is greatly influenced with this event. And this realization threatens privacy and security measures. Furthermore, a recent study by Lewis supported the direct positive effects of PIIT on perceived ease of use. If a person is more innovative, he will try out the new system with an increased belief about his ability with technology and ease of use perception. (Lewis, 2003) There is great use of the determinants mentioned in the study of Cockcroft (2005) in evaluation the cultural dimensions of gaining trust in e-commerce. The determinants are able to explain online consumer behavior and how cultural and social norms affect the process of gaining online trust. Trust, being one immeasurable trait, is a result of several factors. Several factors affect the formation of trust between consumers and online market firms. Although, the study concluded that only the determinant group collectivism contributes to the effect of cultural aspect in online trust. Another significant conclusion in the study is that trust is not attributed to the mediation between IUIPC and behavioral intention (Cockcroft, 2005). The individual may strongly be motivated to trust an online marketing firm but the intention to involve in the transactions with the firms may be lessened with privacy concerns- Cockcroft (2005). This essay included just the significant determinants to discuss the main objectives of the paper. Limitations on this essay and further improvements for future research First, The Technology Acceptance Model has its set limitations with the technology existed during the time the model was created. Future research regarding the model should define technology in a new perspective. Since technology nowadays is more sophisticated and complex, its revision should consider the situation of employing more refined technologies. TAM should involve more conflict in the models’ perceive ease of use. As researched, the revision for TAM should emphasize the perceive usefulness factor and add analysis on the factor perceive enjoyment. Second, Cockcroft (2005) suggests that future research should include an evaluation regarding the diversity of culture in the society as this can affect the formation of online trust. I would agree and suggests this point well taken by the author. The paper, due to its limitations, have included only the significant determinants in the social and cultural determinants model in line with its objectives, thus there is a need to study several determinants such as institutional collectivism and human interaction. Third, attributed to the limitation of word counting, the essay focused on two research models only. As this is realized, there is a need to discuss more models and provide concrete analysis regarding how different models explains and discern the formation and evolution of online trust in e-commerce. Fourth, the concept of online trust can not be summed or generalized into one formal and concrete model. Thus, to effectively lay a foundation of theories or ideas regarding online trust in e-commerce, future research must be done to accomplish this objective. BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. ) Merriam Webster Online Dictionary, Definition of Trust, Google search engine, November 4, 2006 2. ) AUGUR, D. (2006) Internet Business Strategy: Internet Business Facts and Statistics Web Development by My Web Gal.

Joseph Hellers Catch 22 Essay -- Comparison Compare Contrast

Catch 22 Comparison Paper Catch 22 by Joseph Heller is a complex and intricate novel. Heller uses many themes, does not have the story line in chronological order and often uses irony in his descriptions. Many of the themes can be compared to other literature. One of the themes that can be compared is fear in war. The idea is that the evils and cruelty of war can make a grown man go back into a "fetal" state. This can be seen in The Ball Turret Gunner by Randall Jarrell and can be compared to the metaphor used in chapter five of Catch 22. In this chapter Yossarian talks about the tight crawl space which led to the plexiglass bombardier’s compartment. This can be looked at as the passageway to fear. Every time Yossarian climbs down he is entering a womb. Yossarian is depicted as being scared and that is why he goes down in the "womb" to feel secure. There, he is nothing but a scared child in a mother’s womb wanting to come out but he can’t. This can also be said for the character in the Ball Turret Gunner. The first lines the speaker says that he has had no choice but to be in this position of being in the belly of the bombardiers compartment. There he too feels as if he is nothing but a small child in his mother womb. He describes his helplessness when he says that he is "six miles form earth and loosed from the dream of life". However, the speaker in Ball Turret gunner goes to a further extent when he says that after the "nightmare", and he is killed and washed out of the compartment with a hose. Another theme addressed in Catch 22 was religion. In Catch 22 the characters questioned whether or not God was real. Many points are brought out by this question. One question is if God loves us so much, why are human lives va... ... kill. So no matter how patriotic Clevingers tear filled speech was death is death and nobody wants that fate. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest McMurphy tries to make the outside world seem so good which is true to the reader because of the reader’s knowledge of the evil plans that Nurse Ratchet has in store. However, the characters are not mentally ready for the outside world. They have been locked up for so long in the "prison" that they could not handle the evils presented to them by other people. Nurse Ratchet has taken away their self-confidence and they can not deal with other people criticism. In the part of the novel when McMurphy takes them on a fishing trip, it is seen how fragile they are. In the bait shop they are torn down buy the loafers there and they really loose confidence. The prison has impacted them and will leave a permanent scar mentally.

Social Structure of Bangladesh

Social Structure of Bangladesh Introduction Bangladesh  officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a country in South Asia. The name Bangladesh means â€Å"Country of Bengal† in the official Bengali language. The borders of present-day Bangladesh were established with the partition of Bengal and India in 1947, when the region became the eastern wing of the newly-formed Pakistan. However, it was separated from the western wing by 1,600 kilometres (1,000  mi) across India.Political and linguistic discrimination as well as economic neglect led to popular agitations against West Pakistan, which led to the war for independence in 1971 and the establishment of Bangladesh, with the help of India. In 2000, Bangladesh was estimated to be one of the ten most highly populated countries with an estimated population of just under 130 million. Nowadays it scored above 140 Million. This makes the population density of about 875 people per sq km (2,267 people per sq mi) higher than other countries.Almost 90 percent of this population lives in the rural areas and 80 percent of our population are still depends on agriculture for a livelihood. With the successful lowering of total fertility and growth rates over the past few years, the crude birth rate stands at 22. 4 per 1000 persons, with a total fertility rate 3. 0 per women. The rural birth rate was estimated to be 36. 3 birth per 1000 persons according to the 1985 census. On the other hand, the crude death rate stands at 8. 2 per 1000 persons with the rural death rate found to be 12. 9 per 1000 persons. Also the child death rate is 70 per 1000 live births in the rural areas.Most of the population is young with about 60 percent under the age of 25, with only about 3 percent over the age of 65 (life expectancy is 61 years). Twenty percent of the population was deemed to be urban in 1998, making Bangladesh's population predominantly rural. |National symbols of Bangladesh | |Anthem |Amar Shonar Bangla | |Animal |Royal Bengal Tiger | |Bird |Oriental Magpie Robin | |Fish |Hilsa | |Flower |White Water Lily | |Fruit |Jackfruit | Sport |Kabadi | Although urbanization is proceeding rapidly, agriculture employs about two-thirds of the labor force and accounts for 35 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP), remains Bangladesh's primary sector. Bangladesh has predominantly remained rural and agrarian. Since more than 50 percent of the population, which has increased, depends on agriculture for sustenance and employment; peasant economy is the main mode of production in Bangladesh. The village is the peasant’s world and to understand the village community one must study the peasantry and their relationship with the nation at large.Being a citizen of this country, one simply cannot ignore the prevalent poverty and unemployment in the rural sector and the consequential rise in the number of unemployment in the urban areas as well. Villages play a very important role for Bangladesh. Without these villages economic development of this country is not possible. This paper will clearly indicate the rural life, society and social class, culture, education, occupation, religion, economic and political institutions, beliefs, and the way of living in Bangladesh. Social Composition The Main and Basic stratification between the rich landlords and the poor farmers.Here the class system is based on money and prestige, which is highly flexible. None has the fixed class here. All can have mobility to any direction if he or she manages to get that. Those who have enough Land they are more respected. Beside this Rural people of Bangladesh are stratified by other reasons related to their religion- Society in village is not strictly stratified; rather, it is open, fluid, and diffused, without a solid social organization and social structure. Social class distinctions are mostly functional and there is considerable mobility among classes.Even the structure of the Hindu caste system in B angladesh is relatively loose because most Hindus belonged to the lower castes. Ostensibly, egalitarian principles of Islam were the basis of social organization. Unlike in other regions of South Asia, the Hindu caste- based social system had a very limited effect on Bangladeshi Muslim social culture. Fairly permeable classes based on wealth and political influence existed both in the cities and in the villages. Traditional Muslim class distinctions had little importance in Bangladesh.The proscription against marriage between individuals of high-born and low-born families, once an indicator of the social gap between the two groups, had long ago disappeared; most matrimonial alliances were based on wealth and power and not on the ties of family distinction, and the same condition belongs to the village. Although Hindu society is formally stratified into caste categories, caste did not figure prominently in the Bangladeshi Hindu community. About 75 percent of the Hindus in Bangladesh belonged to the lower castes, notably namasudras (lesser cultivators), and the remainder belonged primarily to outcaste or untouchable groups.Some members of higher castes belonged to the middle or professional class, but there was no Hindu upper class. With the increasing participation of the Hindus in nontraditional professional mobility, the castes were able to interact in wider political and socioeconomic arenas, which caused some erosion of caste consciousness. Although there is no mobility between Hindu castes, caste distinctions did not play as important a role in Bangladesh as in they did in the Hindu-dominated Indian state of West Bengal.Bangladeshi Hindus seemed to have become part of the mainstream culture without surrendering their religious and cultural distinctions. Culture Language and Literature More than 95 percent of the people of Bangladesh speak Bengali which is one of the earliest modem languages of the subcontinent. It originates from the eastern Prakrit group of the Indo- Aryan family of languages. Early Bengali, in its lyrical form, originated in the 7th century. Its mediaeval period underlined a steady upsurge of poesy having strong devotional and romantic overtones.Since the early decades of this century, modem Bengali literature swept into the mainstream of world culture through the works of such geniuses as Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Rabindranath Tagore and the rebel poet Kazi Nazrul Islam while poet Jasimuddin's austere lyrical anecdotes depicting rural life with its joys and sorrows, romance and patrol kept alive the link with the toiling masses. With this heritage to draw inspiration from, contemporary Bengali literature of Bangladesh has been throbbing with the creative impulses of a new generation of poets, novelists, playwrights and essayists.Many of their works have earned fame beyond the frontiers of the country. Music [pic] The rich tradition of music of Bangladesh can be divided into three distinct categories -classical, fol k and modern. The tradition of classical music, whether vocal or instrumental, is rooted in the ancient history of this subcontinent. It has been cultivated with great patience and passion by devoted musicians over the centuries. Internationally known sarod players Ustad Alauddiri Khan and Ustad Ayet Ali Khan hail from the soil of this country. Folk music, nurtured through the ages by village bards. s the most popular and timeless form of music in Bangladesh. Rich in devotional mysticism and love ores, folk music exudes authentic flavor and charm of the soil. The most well- known forms are bhatia1i, baul, marfati, murshidi, bhaoaiya and gombhira. Some of the greatest exponents of our mystic and devotional songs were Lalan Fakir, Hasan Raja and Abbasuddin Ahmed. Dances Dancing in Bangladesh draws freely from the sub continental classical forms as well as the folk, tribal, ballet and Middle Eastern strains. Of the tribal dances, particularly popular are Manipuri and Santhal.The Bulbul Academy of Fine Arts (BAFA), set up in Dacca in the early fifties, played a pioneering role in the promotion of dances in the country. A number of other cultural organizations have helped in popularizing the art. No cultura1 evening in this country is complete without a dance number. The cinema has also popularized dancing. With the recent creation of the Academy of Performing Arts in Dacca dancing in Bangladesh is expected to gain further impetus. Jatra (Folk Drama) is another vital chapter of Bengali culture. It depicts  mythological episodes  of love and tragedy.Legendary  plays of heroism  are  also popular,  particularly in the rural  areas. In near past jatra was the biggest entertainment means for the rural Bangalees and in that sense for 80% of the population since the same percentage of the population lived in rural Bangladesh. Now-a-days jatra has been placed in the back seat in the entertainment era. Gradually western culture is occupying the place of tradi tional culture like Jatra. Different types of Drama are also popular in this society. Bangladesh Religion [pic] [pic] Islam, the state religion, is the faith of 88 percent of the population, almost all of whom adhere to the Sunni branch.Hindus make up most of the remainder, and the country has small communities of Buddhists, Christians and animists. Bangladesh is one of the largest Muslim countries in the world. Most Bangladeshi Muslims are Sunnis, but there is a small Shia community. Among religious festivals of Muslims Eidul Fitr, Eidul Azha, Eiday Miladunnabi, Muharram etc. are prominent. The contention that Bengali Muslims are all descended from lower-caste Hindus who were converted to Islam is incorrect; a substantial proportion are descendants of the Muslims who reached the subcontinent from elsewhere.Hinduism is professed by about 12 percent of the population. Durga Puja, Saraswati Puja, Kali Puja etc. are Hindu festivals. Hindus in Bangladesh are almost evenly distributed in all regions, with concentrations in Khulna, Jessore, Dinajpur, Faridpur, and Barisal. Biharis, who are not ethnic Bangalees, are Urdu-speaking Muslim refugees from Bihar and other parts of northern India. They numbered about 1 million in 1971 but now had decreased to around 600,000. They once dominated the upper levels of the society. They sided with Pakistan during the 1971 war.Hundreds of thousands of Biharis were repatriated to Pakistan after the war. Tribal race constitutes less than 1 percent of the total population. They live in the Chittagong Hills and in the regions of Mymensingh, Sylhet, and Rajshahi. The majority of the tribal population live in rural areas. They differ in their social organization, marriage customs, birth and death rites, food, and other social customs from the people of the rest of the country. They speak Tibeto-Burman languages. In the mid-1980s, the percentage distribution of tribal population by religion was Hindu 24, Buddhist 44, Christian 13, and o thers 19.Major tribes are the Chakmas, Maghs (or Marmas), Tipras, Murangs, Kukis and Santals. The tribes tend to intermingle and could be distinguished from one another more by differences in their dialect, dress, and customs than by tribal cohesion. Only the Chakmas and Marmas display formal tribal organization. They are of mixed origin but reflect more Bengali influence than any other tribe. Unlike the other tribes, the Chakmas and Marmas generally live in the highland valleys. Most Chakmas are Buddhists, but some practice Hinduism or Animism. Economic InstitutionMany industries in Bangladesh are still primitive by modern standards. Despite continuous domestic and international efforts to improve economic and demographic prospects, Bangladesh remains a developing nation. Jute was once the economic engine of the country. Its share of the world export market peaked in the Second World War and the late 1940s at 80% and even in the early 1970s accounted for 70% of its export earnings. However, polypropylene products began to substitute for jute products worldwide and the jute industry started to decline. Bangladesh grows very significant quantities of rice(chal), tea (Cha) and mustard.More than three quarters of Bangladesh’s export earnings come from the garment industry, which began attracting foreign investors in the 1980s due to cheap labour and low conversion cost. In 2002, the industry exported US$5  billion worth of products. The industry now employs more than 3  million workers, 90% of whom are women. A large part of foreign currency earnings also comes from the remittances sent by expatriates living in other countries. One significant contributor to the development of the economy has been the widespread propagation of microcredit by Muhammad Yunus (awarded the Nobel peace prize in 2006) through the Grameen Bank.By the late 1990s, Grameen Bank had 2. 3  million members, along with 2. 5  million members of other similar organizations. In ord er to enhance economic growth, the government set up several export processing zones to attract foreign investment. These are managed by the Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority. AGRICULTURE [pic] Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world with an annual per capita income of US$160. The agricultural sector provides the principal livelihood of the people in the country and is the main blood vessel of the national economy.According to statistics in 1990-1991, agriculture accounts for 46% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and 59% of total employment. Agricultural productivity (yield per acre) is extremely low though, and Bangladesh continues to be a food-deficit country. The average annual deficit ranges between 1. 5 million and 2. 5 million tons. To achieve self-sustained agricultural growth, several policies have been formulated. Keeping these policies in mind, agricultural management policies have been devised, and interventions have been made. However, these h ave not necessarily yielded the anticipated results.In Bangladesh, the vast majorities of people are landless and work as agricultural laborers (66% of the rural population are landless, agricultural laborers, according to the latest statistics). Although they are the single largest portion of the total population, they are the poorest, most deprived, helpless and neglected. Presently 45% of agricultural laborers have no work at all, and those who do get work have no job security or reliable income; there is no period of employment specified no fixed wage. Most of the time they are poorly paid. They are not registered and do not have any trade union rights, no chance of bargaining.Agricultural laborers in Bangladesh also have no basic human rights. A huge percentage of them are inadequate or no housing, no educational opportunities and no rationing facility. Administrative and social oppression upon the land laborers is a common phenomenon. In addition to these concerns, Bangladesh is now facing various types of socio-economic and political problems. Among these, the most difficult, complicated and probably the most important issue is the agrarian question. One of the fundamental features of the economic backwardness of the agrarian question is very relevant for Bangladesh like any other poor country of Asia.If the agrarian question is addressed properly, the path of national economic development can be found. Land, no doubt, constitutes the most significant basis of sociopolitical power and the common factor of production for the overwhelming majority of the people. Today in Bangladesh the land problem remains as the main social problem: it is the main problem affecting the greatest number of people. Ownership of the land, its possession and cultivation, has sociopolitical overtones and economic implications, both simultaneously and mutually reacting around and reinforcing each other.Thus, an approach to locate the problems relating to land and their solution has to be, of necessity, comprehensive, multidimensional and dynamic. As the agricultural sector in Bangladesh has already experienced, these problems, and very recently the path and methods of alternative agriculture, are being talked about. This alternative thinking is often called â€Å"regenerative,† â€Å"sustainable,† â€Å"ecological,† â€Å"organic† or â€Å"natural agriculture,† which are more or less based on the following principles: ? Ensure as much or more productivity as chemical agriculture; ?Do not disturb the natural environment; ? Ensure sustainability; ? Put less dependence on external inputs. Beside Agriculture there are several jobs that are done by rural people of our country now a days. Few jobs are related to Agriculture, These jobs are: ? Rearing Cattle, Goat, Sheep. ? Poultry Business ? Dairy business ? Fishery Related Jobs ? Village Teacher ? Quack Doctor ? Kamar [Black Smith] ? Kumar [Pot Maker] ? Swarnakaar [Gold Smith ] ? Sweeper ? Tanti [Weaver] Political institution [pic]The People’s Republic of Bangladesh is a unitary, independent and sovereign republic comprising three basic organs the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary. The President is the Head of State and is elected by the members of Parliament. The President acts in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister and the supreme command of the Armed Forces rests with him. The executive power of the Republic is exercised by or on the advice of the Prime Minister who commands the support of the majority members of Parliament and is appointed by the President.Other Ministers, State Ministers and Deputy Ministers are appointed by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister nominates the cabinet members from among Parliament members and one-tenths of the total members are from outside of the Parliament. The cabinet is collectively accountable to the Parliament. The Government is unitary in structure and parliamentary in form. Co nclusion Finally we can conclude that Village Life is full of Loving Caring and Belonging. We can find here Peace Happiness chance to meet with our relatives smell and feel our culture and Tradition.That’s why every year thousands of people run for the Village leaving their Urban Life in their Religious Occasions. Living in urban Life but we have to depend on this village people for food and other product which they produce in the fields. Lastly we can say that every people of our country have to visit their Village simultaneously so that the people and their Generation will always attach with the village Life and Village Culture. And If the Young Generation will Plan to Recover or develop our Village Life than We think that Bangladesh will see Prosperity very soon. Read also: Padma Bridge

Evaluating the Results of School Administration and Supervision

Educ. 207 Evaluating the Results of School Administration and Supervision Organizational evaluation or assessment measures compare and analyze the coherence between results and specific objectives, and between specific objectives and general objectives of institutional projects, programs or plans. Evaluation is an important aspect of improving the administration in any organization. It plays a very important role in helping the managers to improve the efficiency and effectiveness in their operations.It can act as an instrument to create confidence and generate support of the people for research programs, and put forth their activities in a transparent and effective way to its shareholders. Depending upon the time of evaluation, it can either be Ex-ante evaluation or Ex-post evaluation. When the evaluation has been conducted before or during the implementation of a task, it is known as Ex-ante evaluation. Ex-post evaluation is carried out after a task is completed. Evaluation in an or ganization can be carried out in an integrated form or with respect to certain departments.When it is carried out for the entire organization, the result is apprised with goals and objectives and the quality of the result is calibrated with predetermined standards. When it is carried out separately for each department, it is necessary to determine the importance of the task performed and role played in the result by the respective department. Coordination between different departments is always an important aspect of any evaluation process. Communication within the workplace should generally be followed with proper protocols, but it should be from top to bottom and vice versa.Horizontal communication should also be promoted in an effective manner. The three vital elements in an evaluation process are the organization, the assessment team and the employees who use the assessment results. To effectively carry out the evaluation process, the assessment team must be aware of power hiera rchies, decision-making policies, organizational culture and other internal and external intricacies. Organizations should provide formal coaching to an assessment team before carrying out any evaluation.Employee assessment plays a vital role in building a good rapport and cordial relations between the management and the employees. Employee evaluation should be carried out in a friendly atmosphere with minimum formalities. They should be given an opportunity to speak out openly. Interviews can be conducted in an informal and unstructured manner to gauge the employee satisfaction level. People like recognition for the work they do and mostly wish to talk about it. They like to share their problems, conflicts, perceptions and achievements. Educ. 07 Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers An ideal teacher is the one we respect from our heart. He/she acts as a guide to the students, while not pushing them too much. Such a perfect motivates them and boosts their morale. He/she tries to encourage the students and refrains from criticizing them. The perfect teacher prefers to give positive motivation to his/her students. His/her comments are always constructive in nature. He/she serves as our friend, guide, educator, confidante, and a blend of all the good qualities one can posses.Such a teacher shapes the entire life of the students. If everyone in this world gets an ideal teacher, he/she won’t have to look back in his/her life ever. Considering the fact that students spend a great part of their life at school, one may come to conclusion that schools contribute significantly into overall ‘quality' of students' lives. No wonder that personality of a teacher is of crucial importance; moreover, some teachers turn into extremely important people for the whole life due to the impact they make while teaching us.It is good if this impact is positive and brings motivation for students, however, it sometimes happens that teachers manage to spoil not only mood o f a student but intrude into internal world, leaving unpleasant vestige there. That is why the statement that, â€Å"What the teacher is, is more important than what he teaches†, expressed by Karl Menninger is really truthful. Question of teacher's ethics has been on the agenda since teachers appeared and it is still important to talk about that.Teachers are the people, who should serve for students not only as examples of high education but of decent behavior as well. That is why each violation of teacher's ethics may cause some really serious consequences and turn into crucial mistakes. For example, ignoring some student may lead to personal complexes because a young personality will feel depressed and underestimated. Of course, much depends on child's family, surrounding, but as it was stated from the very beginning school is the place where children spend a great part of their time and that's why they are growing as personalities at school.It is vital that they grew in a healthy atmosphere, surrounded by professional teachers that would be able to not only give knowledge but give lessons of ethics too. Educ. 207 BASIC EDUCATION SECTOR REFORM AGENDA ( BESRA ) The Department of Education is pursuing a package of policy reforms called the Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda (BESRA) to build upon the efforts of the School First Initiative (SFI) and to create a basic education sector that is capable of achieving the Education for All (EFA) objectives by 2015.STRIVE focuses on systems development, particularly at the regional level. The support systems which are being developed will address the need for effective continuous use of promising project initiatives mainstreamed in DepED as well as ensure quality improvement processes within the education system itself. STRIVE focuses on developing systems for BESRA regional implementation anchored to the national policy and frameworks. It is one of the strategic avenues to support the successful implementatio n of BESRA.The implementation of the BESRA was seen as a welcome move by many, both in the private and public sector. Several landmark initiatives by the DepEd have been based on the BESRA, such as the institutionalization of multilingual education, the Third Elementary Education Project (TEEP), and the Secondary Education Development and Improvement Project (SEDIP). However, years after its first implementation, many of the proposed reforms have not been fully implemented.As NicetoPoblador said in the column â€Å"Beyond reform, beyond transformation,† published in the Philippine Daily Inquirer last 25 January 2009, the primary hindrance to any true reform in the education sector was the resistance of â€Å"entrenched elements in the bureaucracy and by elements outside the system whose interests firmly lie on the status quo. † Poblador also paraphrases Cynthia Bautista, a sociologist at the University of the Philippines, saying that most of the reform proposals that h ave been put forward (including the BESRA, which was founded on the research of external parties) have been â€Å"externally generated. Because the proposal was â€Å"externally generated,† bureaucrats have the final say in the implementation of these reforms. Educ. 207 PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS OF DEPED Academics is not the be-all and end-all of education. At DepED, we recognize that pure classroom instruction cannot fully satisfy the growing need to provide pupils and students with opportunities for practical learning and proper channelling of potentials and interests.Because we believe in the importance of exposing and preparing young people to face the realities of life, we implement various programs and projects – all of which, hopefully, will help pupils and students become more well-rounded individuals and citizens of our country. A. STUDENT TECHNOLOGISTS AND ENTREPRENEURS OF THE PHILIPPINES (STEP)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Establi shment of STEP Organizations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technical Conference and Training/Workshop     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Skills Development and Competitions     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AwardsAnnual Evaluation and Planning Conference and Workshop   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  B. STUDENT GOVERNMENT PROGRAM (SGP) Synchronized Supreme Pupil/Student Government Elections   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Supreme Student Governments Division, Regional and National Federations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  National Leadership Training for Student Government Officers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Awards Youth Leadership Awards – Celebrity Edition Peer Counseling Program Training/Workshop  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  National Federation of Supr eme Student Governments Conference  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Annual Evaluation and Planning Conference and Workshop   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  C.YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND COOPERATIVISM IN SCHOOLS (YECS)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Establishment of YECS Organizations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Training and Conference (Teen Negosyo)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Awards Moderators’ Training Annual Evaluation and Planning Conference and Workshop   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   D. YOUTH FOR ENVIRONMENT IN SCHOOLS (YES)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Establishment of YES Organizations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Youth for Environment Summer Camp   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Massive-Intensive-Sustained Tree-Planting, Tree-Growing and Tree- Caring     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Annual Evaluation and Planning Conference for Tree-Planting Program

The Negative Prefix il-

The Negative Prefix il- The Negative Prefix il- The Negative Prefix il- By Maeve Maddox From a reader commenting on the illegal alien post: I used to hear from my history teacher in high school that the word illegal isnt actually a word. I never followed up on that notion, but I suppose from popular usage, illegal has become legitimized. Do you have any etymological info on that? The word illegal with the sense of â€Å"not legal or lawful† has been in English since 1626. Similar words existed in Middle English and French as early as the fourteenth century. The expression illegal immigrant dates from 1939 during the British mandate in Palestine. The term was applied to Jews who entered Palestine without authorization. The word illegal derives ultimately from Latin: legalis â€Å"legal† with the negative prefix in-. The n of the prefix assimilates to l in words that begin with l: illegal: not legal or lawful illegible: not legible; incapable of being read illegitimate: not recognized by law as lawful offspring; not rightly deduced; departing from the expected illiberal: not liberal; not generous; not broad-minded illicit: not permitted; not allowed illimitable: not capable of being limited or bounded illiterate: unable to read or write illogical: not logical; contrary to logic Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About Hands30 Baseball IdiomsKn- Words in English

Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr. Biography

Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr. Biography Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr., one of the first black astronauts, entered the corps in June 1967. He had a bright future ahead of him but never made it into space. He began his training and was putting his experience as a pilot and chemist to work as he also trained on  support aircraft. Several months after he began his astronaut training, Lawrence was a passenger on a training flight aboard an F104 Starfighter jet when it made a too-low approach and hit the ground. Lawrence died instantly during the December 8 mishap. It was a tragic loss to the country, and to his wife and young son. He was awarded a Purple Heart posthumously for his service to his country.   The Life and Times of Astronaut Lawrence Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr. was born October 2, 1935, in Chicago. He received an undergraduate degree in chemistry from Bradley University in 1956 and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant into the U.S.  Air Force upon graduation at age 20. He took his flight training at Malden Air Force Base, and eventually ended up providing flight training. He logged more than 2,500 hours of flight time throughout his time in the Air Force and was instrumental in compiling flight maneuver data that was eventually used in the development of the space shuttles. Lawrence later earned a PhD. in physical chemistry in 1965 from Ohio State University. His interests ranged from nuclear chemistry to photochemistry, advanced inorganic chemistry, and thermodynamics. His instructors called him one of the most intelligent and hard-working students theyd ever seen. Once in the Air Force, Lawrence  distinguished himself as an exceptional test pilot and was among the first to be named to the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program. That mission was a precursor to todays successful NASA space shuttle program. It was part of the manned spaceflight program the Air Force was developing. MOL was planned as an orbiting platform where astronauts could train and work for longer missions. The program was canceled in 1969 and declassified later on. Some of the astronauts assigned to MOL, such as Robert L. Crippen and Richard Truly, went on to join NASA and fly other missions. Although he applied twice to NASA and didnt make into the corps, after his experience with the MOL, Lawrence may well have made it in on a third try, had he not been killed in the flight accident in 1967. Memorial In 1997, thirty years after his  death, and after much lobbying by space historians and others, Lawrences name was the 17th added to the Astronauts Memorial Foundation Space Mirror. This memorial was dedicated in 1991 to honor all U.S. astronauts who lost their lives on space missions or in training for missions. Its located at the Astronauts Memorial Foundation at the Kennedy Space Center near Cape Canaveral, Florida and is open to the public. The African-American  Members of the Astronaut Corps Dr. Lawrence was part of a vanguard of black Americans to join the space program. He came along early in the programs history and hoped to make a lasting contribution to the countrys space efforts. He was preceded by Ed Dwight, who selected as the first African-American astronaut in 1961. Unfortunately, he resigned due to government pressure.   The honor of being the first black  to actually fly in space was Guion Blufords. He flew four missions from 1983 to 1992. Others were Ronald McNair (killed in the space shuttle Challenger accident), Frederick D. Gregory, Charles F. Bolden, Jr. (who has served as NASA administrator), Mae Jemison (first African-American woman in space), Bernard Harris, Winston Scott, Robert Curbeam, Michael P. Anderson, Stephanie Wilson, Joan Higginbotham, B. Alvin Drew, Leland Melvin, and Robert Satcher.   Several others have served in the astronaut corps, but have not flown in space.   As the astronaut corps has grown, it has grown more diverse, including more women and astronauts with a wide range of ethnic backgrounds.

Major Incident Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Major Incident Management - Essay Example Those who are categorized as serious have a deathly consequence in their circumstances; those categorized as major may suffer from a major permanent loss of function; next comes those who may suffer with a permanent reduction in bodily functions; those categorized as minor require increased level of care; and finally those classified as minimum are patients with no injury or increased level of care (New South Wales Government, 2005). Based on corporate consequence, impact on staff, visitors, services, finances, and the environment shall also be assessed by the first responder. The likelihood of the incident happening again shall also be assessed by the first responder. He shall classify the likelihood from the rating ‘frequent’ (the highest possible rating) to ‘rare’ (the lowest possible rating) (New South Wales Government, 2005). The risk or the magnitude of the incident also needs to be assessed by the first responder. The incident is rated at 1 if the ris k is extreme; 2 if the risk is high; 3, if there is medium risk; and 4 if the risk is low (New South Wales Government, 2005). The initial triage of the first responder is to assess the patients with life threatening conditions. The first responder has to deliver immediate treatment to these patients first by delivering CPR after airway clearance. For those classified as urgent or are unable to walk with RRs at 10 bpm-29 bpm and CRT at 2 seconds or less, urgent treatment has to be delivered by the crew. For those with minor injuries, but are walking, their treatment may be delayed; and for those who are dead, no treatment can be delivered. The crew then has to render appropriate emergency care and then transport the patients to the nearest hospital the soonest time possible, starting with those needing immediate care. In case of possible contagion, the emergency ambulance crew also has the duty of decontaminating the patients and themselves

Analyzing Different Sources of Recruitment Assignment

Analyzing Different Sources of Recruitment - Assignment Example Some of the most widely used sources of recruitment include both internal and external sources. The internal sources include internal company database, employee reference s. The external sources of recruitment include internet/ online mediums, Employment agencies, educational institutions, job fairs and ads in print media. This section of the study looks to provide a comparative analysis of all the sources (Bhattacharya, 2009, p. 225). Some of the major advantages of using internal sources are: The overall morale of the employees are quite high, The Company can assess the attitude towards work as well as ability due to prior work actions. The internal recruiting sources are much less costly than the external sources. Internal recruiting can work as a motivating force for good performances by the existing employees. The process of internal recruiting usually aids the succession planning process, future promotions as well as career development. The firm can actually hire people at the entry level and then move those employees up the ladder based on experience and performance. This will help the company to retain employees and save cost. There are some disadvantages of internal recruitment also. The inbreeding of employees may lead to a less diverse workforce. People not getting promotions may experience a low degree of morale; some may actually indulge in a political tug of war. Most of the time developmental progra ms are required to transfer employees into a supervisory role. Managers may resist employees being promoted to other departments. Employment agencies are organizations that bridge the gap between employers and employees. Such agencies provide advantages to employees as well as employers. Employees can have look at offers that are not advertised, reduces the cost and time involved in sending CV to the employers. It provides a lot more choices of companies and industries to the employers.